Perceptions And Attitudes Towards Solar Energy Environmental Sciences Essay

Perceptions And Attitudes Towards Solar Energy Environmental Sciences Essay The scope of this research is on the energy consumption patterns in India and what proportions of the energy needs are met. We will consider the size of the market for the solar power generation as most parts of India focus on the conventional energy rather than the renewable energy. A brief about the power sectors in India is also discussed; the data for this research is collected by interpreting the secondary data and by conducting interviews as in the primary data. A literature review on environmental marketing is made by taking up the existing technology this will help us in making a market plan for the solar power sector that is viable. Power sector in India-A Brief: The power industry is growing rapidly in India as it consumes 3.4% of the global energy. There is an increase in the annual demand by 3.6% over the last 30years. The surging demand is from the industrial and domestic sectors. Domestic sector à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 25.87% (2006-07) Industrial sector à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 35.5% (2006-07) The private and the global firms made their entry ever since they were allowed to participate in the power sector, 1991. But the State Electricity Board (SEBs) is the main source for generation and supply of electricity. Coal remains the dominant source of electricity, though there are many sources of power in India like Gas, Hydroelectric, Wind, and Solar. The installed capacity for power generation in India is 1,49,391.91 MW, and less than 60% of households consume electricity, the Industries followed by Agriculture are the two main sectors that consume power which is why the per capita consumption is very low in India. (India Reports,2009) Solar Energy scope and utilization: Solar energy in the recent times has been proved to be one of the most efficient ways to generate electricity. Usage of Solar-powered equipment in large scale can be beneficial as the carbon dioxide emission would be reduced to a great extent thus leading to a Green environment. The Solar-powered equipment could be used in hotels, hospitals, household purposes and government buildings as these are easily mountable on top of the buildings and requires less space. (Hughes,2009). Source: Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and Frost Sullivan estimates As India receives 3000 hours of sunshine every year which is equivalent to over 5000 trillion kWh and has many solar resources. The daily average solar energy is 4-7 kWh per sq m in different parts of India depending on the location (kotwal,A,2008). India is useful for exploiting the solar power for generating electricity with the technology available as there are about 300 clear sunny days in most parts of the country and the three important ways in harnessing the solar power is with the use of: Photovoltaic Cells- which convert the sunlight into electricity when the light rays are incident on the cells. Active solar heating systems- A collector is kept on the roof which absorbs the sunlight and in return heats the water tank connected to the collector. Passive solar design- Is used to trap more heat during the winter whilst not over heating during summers. Since the solar power is available in abundance it helps in fulfilling the energy needs of humans and with the usage of the solar power, there might as well be a day where the buildings and households need not rely on the external grid for the power (Earthsummit,2002). There has been much advancement made regarding the solar power and with the introduction of nanotechnology which will improve the efficiencies and result in reduced infrastructure cost this can very soon be a very competitive source of energy in a tropical place like India, though there are other sources of energy solar power has its advantages like the there are no trade barriers for the suns energy and this type of equipment can be placed anywhere where there is sunlight and is also eco-friendly which will not hinder the other surrounding factors thus making solar power more affordable (Brito et al,2005), this type of tiny nanotechnology solar cell can be printed on a thin flexible light- retaining material which will reduce the cost of production compared to the silicon cells which requires a clean room for manufacturing with no dust and should be free from airborne microbes, moreover the nano materials are useful in capturing and transmitting the energy. (Carlstrom,2005). The use of plastic materials has brought a change in harnessing the suns rays as half of the suns energy lies in the infrared rays and the other half in the visible spectrum, the plastic materials with the nanotechnology has the tendency to capture the energy from the infrared rays which is five times more efficient than the existing solar cell technology (Lovgren,2005). We will look at the market and the players globally and in India which suits consumer needs. Aim: To undertake a study on public awareness, attitude and perceptions of Solar power as an alternative to sources of power and to suggest a marketing plan for a technology/company that would be viable in India. Objectives: To examine and evaluate power sector in India. Identify and evaluate the alternative power sources in India Study on solar energy sector. To examine and analyze public awareness and perception of solar energy and alternative energy sources Identify solar power generation technology in India and abroad. Identify the technology that consumer needs and would be most viable in India. To carry out a literature review on Environmental marketing. On basis of the complete study a market plan is made to popularize the solar power generation technology in India. Research Questions: What proportions of Indias energy needs are met by solar power? Size of market, players, types of equipment and their effectiveness/efficiency? How are they being marketed? Are domestic households being targeted? What is the level of awareness of domestic usage of solar power amongst Indians? Why has solar power not caught on in a big way in a tropical country like India? Forming a market strategy. Research Methodology: The methodology used in this research is both primary and secondary, as this research deals with the current issues and also the data which is existing in the databases related to the Solar energy. Secondary Data: The data from journals, articles gives us an idea of how things were earlier regarding the usage of solar power equipment and also the data bases like Proquest-ABI Global, EBSCO, and Science Direct helps us to find out about the advancements made in the history of solar power with the help of the available statistics. This type of data is readily available on the internet or in the libraries so the time required to collect is comparatively less and there is a scope to find data in large amounts. The information which is obtained from the secondary data can be re-phrased and cited in the research with proper references and a detailed analysis on various power sectors can be obtained. Primary Data: The data collected from the primary data can be both qualitative and quantitative, as it uses different forms of data collection techniques like: Questionnaires It focuses on the sections of the research which are to be covered and can cover a large number of peoples opinion about a particular area of interest, a wider geographic coverage is obtained. In this research we make a questionnaire to find out about the attitudes and perceptions of Indian consumers regarding the usage of solar powered equipment. We mainly concentrate on the households as these constitute a major part in knowing the demand. The questionnaires once completed could be sent across through an email to various household groups in different locations in India and as well receive the reply through an email or post. The questionnaire could be structured or unstructured with open and closed type questions in it which would help us yield information regarding the perceptions of the Indian consumers regarding the usage of solar power. With the help of resources like the survey monkey the questionnaires can be formed and sent across to people for their views about a particular aspect concerned with the research. Interviews It is a technique that is used to gain an understanding of the underlying reasons for peoples attitudes, preferences or behavior. Interviews can be undertaken on a personal one-to-one basis or in a group. This can be done by calling up people personally or by having a gathering where a conference call could be setup and finding out information on how they feel about the usage of the solar powered equipment and as well make them aware of the advantages they get with the usage of the equipments. We can mainly focus on to what extent people in India are aware of the viability of the solar power. Project plan: Gantt chart representation: S.No. Title. June July August Week2 Week3 Week 4 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 1 Research proposal completion 2 Sector analysis in India 3 Study of Solar power sector in India and world 4 Preparation of questionnaires and interview planning. 5 Interviewing people and filing responses received and literature review on environmental marketing. 6 Mapping needs to technology: identification of technology/company. 7 Forming a marketing strategy. 8 Coalition of research work.

Essay --

Rachel Reed PHIL 389 Saint-Croix 10 February 2014 Question #7: Descartes’ Foundationalism In this paper I will describe the foundationalist structure of Descartes’ arguments in his work Meditations on First Philosophy. Foundationalism is the view that there are some beliefs are epistemologically basic and can be known without knowing anything else is true (Loeb, Lecture 1-14). For example, philosophers such as Descartes would acknowledge that geometric truths, such as 2 + 2 = 4, are so fundamental that they don’t need to be proven through argumentation. Thus, these truths can provide the basic foundation for further arguments. In my paper, I will show that two foundational claims of Descartes are first, the existence of the mind, and second, the existence of God. From these claims Descartes derives many others, including the argument for material objects and souls. As I lay out Descartes’ case, I will examine the philosophical soundness and validity of his foundationalist account, as well as its merits and potential weaknesses. In the end, I will conc lude that Descartes’ foundationalism, while alluring in its simplicity, does not survive deeper investigation. Descartes’ first foundational argument asserts that one can have knowledge of one’s own existence. The claim is essential to many arguments that follow because it survives his â€Å"Deceiver Hypothesis.† This hypothesis states that â€Å"there may be a powerful deceiver of supreme power who is deliberately and constantly deceiving me† (Med III, p. 17). This demonstrates that we cannot know, or be sure of, anything based on sensory experience alone. However, Descartes supports the idea that some things can be known entirely outside of sensory experience; through the use of logic and re... ...undational premises, such as the existence of God and the mind, do not provide indisputable groundwork for Descartes’ argument. First begging the question to prove the existence of the mind via dualism, and then conflating logic with cultural and personal ideals, these two tenets cannot stand on their own. In the case of Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy, foundationalism does not endure close scrutiny. Grade: B- General comments: Your paper doesn't really address the prompt. It does not discuss arguments that might be offered in favor of Foundationalism or discuss how effective such arguments might be, nor does it address the question of what arguments Descartes does offer. There's also little in the way of focused discussion of what you take to be the problem with the position. It seems like you started on a different prompt and switched part-way through.

Rape Culture Essay

Today’s society is a clear example of what is called a â€Å"rape culture†, the way we are taught to think and act by our parents and everyone we know has made it this way. There are lots of examples out there, we don’t even need to look hard for them, we just need to open our eyes and see them. By taking a feminist approach this text will prove that today’s society is in fact a â€Å"rape culture†. According to E.B. Taylor (1988) culture is  «That complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, and any other capacities and habits acquired by man as a member of society » (p. 40). This sharing of common culture makes up a major part of being in a group; all this common aspects are what makes up a society. Rape culture is a concept that links rape and sexual violence to a society’s culture. Marshall University sees it as, an environment in which rape and sexual violence against women are dominant and normalized by media. Fear of being raped has become a major influence in every woman, most women and girls live in fear their whole lives, while men aren’t slightly disturbed by this. By looking at what is rape culture we can already find a clear example of inequality, why should only women be victims of this culture? Why shouldn’t men be also victims of it? The answer, because this culture was created by men, all this ideas came from men that thought that they were better than women. We might think that those men are terrible persons, because they created this culture, but in our everyday lives we actually support their ideas, maybe we don’t realize it, but we are supporting their beliefs, becoming one of those men. Society has made us this way, since we are born we are made to follow certain patterns of behavior, the color of our clothing, the toys our parents give us, etc. as we continue to grow the same behavioral patterns follow us, and boys play football and soccer, while girls play to the house, and use their dolls. Boys and girls grow up with certain ideas of the way they are supposed to behave, girls are told that they should dress in a sexy way; this is one of the biggest causes of rape culture, objectification of a woman’s body. Men see women as an object for sexual pleasure, rather than seeing them as another human being with the same rights and obligations as them. In our everyday life we can find millions of examples to show us that we live in a rape culture, the list is endless and continues to grow with every second. Most of the time whenever someone hears about a girl being raped, we can hear comments such as: â€Å"she was asking for it†, â€Å"she allowed  hers elf to be raped†, â€Å"she is probably overreacting†, the list goes on, and the sad thing is that people that say these things blame women for being raped and not the rapist. Read Also:  Good Exploratory Essay Topics This is really sad; it is as if society tried to blame everything on women, even if they obviously didn’t have any part of it. We can find another example when we look at sexual assault prevention education programs, they are focused on women, they tell them that they should take measures to prevent rape, rather than telling men that they shouldn’t rape. Needless to say, teaching women how to avoid being raped doesn’t help at all. Rape culture is a problem growing in Canada, The Globe and Mail said that: Every 17 minutes in Canada, a woman has intercourse against her will. A widely respected 2010 study of nearly 13,000 female undergraduates in the U.S. found 20 per cent had experienced unwanted sexual assault. Most had been drinking, but that doesn’t excuse the assaults. Yet almost 60 per cent of rapes go unreported, and only 3 per cent of rapists ever do any time; sexual-assault offenders in Canada are sentenced to an average of two years. (Brown, 2014) The small amount of rapes reported are mainly because people that have experience such a thing feel humiliated, and they don’t want to talk about it. Also, who would want to report an assault if the person you spoke to told you it was your fault for being drunk and not taking care of yourself. Rape culture helps itself, people blame the victims, they feel ashamed and they don’t report their assault, thus, the aggressor will still be outside of jail and he will be able to rape once again, starting the cycle one more time. We are certainly living on a rape culture, one caused by ourselves and by no one else, we allow things to happen, we turn our heads the other way, we blame the victims rather than the aggressor, this rape culture we are living in was brought by ourselves. More importantly this rape culture was created by men, most rape victims are women, women that men blame for drinking to much, for dressing in short skirts, etc. Sources Rape Culture. Marshall University, Women’s Center. http://www.marshall.edu/landing/home/index.html Brown, I. (20149 The raging debate over rape culture. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/ Lundy, K.L:, & Warme B.D. (1988) Sociology: A window on the world. Ontario: Nelson Canada, A division of International Thomas Limited

Choices Made by John Proctor in The Crucible Essay

In life everything is about choices whether it is a serious choice such as moving place to place because of your parents career or it being like wanting to eat a muffin or apple for breakfast. In the Crucible written about the Salem 1692 witch trials, John Proctor is one of the main characters in the play. John is 35 years of age and is Married to Elizabeth Proctor. A concept we have to understand is in this era Witch accusations were always coming from different people to random innocent women and men. These accusations are obviously false, but due to what they believed in, and how strong they were in religion, witch trials became of it. All the choices people made during the Salem witch trials, were always looked upon corresponding to†¦show more content†¦This might be a possibility but in the Crucible there was not that much evidence to why he did have an affair with Abigail. When he made the choice to go to court and conffess to reveal Abigails fraud, it was one step to putting the pieces back together of his relationship with his wife. He also did this to seek forgivness from his dear wife and release him from his regret of his wrongful action. His decision to do this was both beneficial to others but also horrid for himself. His decisions were both corrupt and honest. When he conffesed(PROCTOR, breathless and in agony: It [Abigail] is a whore!) in court it was a big step to patch the hole he made in his relationship. This affected Elizabeth entirely, she was also not surprised because of her suspicion. This did also affect himself on a personal level, on trusting himself on doing the right thing or doing the wrong thing and how he was going to cover up this situation. He also made the biggest change in court and how people looked at the witch accussers, it was starting to unveil that these girls were accussing people out arrogance and stupidity not knowing that many died for their foolish actions. Soon after the trials were done he stood up for h im self in the last part of the book, he tells Abigail that what she has done is wrong and that heShow MoreRelated Literary Comparison Of A Clock Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pages A Literary Comparison Of A Clockwork Orange and The Crucible nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The existence of evil in the world is a universal question that is often contemplated. Anthony Burgess and Arthur Miller in their novels A Clockwork Orange and The Crucible address this question of evil. One of these stories is set in the future, and the other in the past confirming the belief that the human struggle between good and evil is timeless and applies to every person in society. Throughout historyRead MoreThe Crucible Weaknesses1336 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, some characters succeed through tough tasks and others accept defeat. Abigail Williams is a 17 year old girl who wants to have a good reputation in the town, but she also takes many interesting actions to boost her reputation. John Proctor is a wealthy farmer who is married to Elizabeth Proctor. John gets into a heated conflict with his wife after she finds out about the affair he had with Abigail Williams. In â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Abigail and John ProctorRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller876 Words   |  4 PagesMillers’ novel â€Å" The Crucible† is a wicked story, filled with love, hatred, and mysterious scandals. The Crucible introduces us to witchcraft and strange ways people walked with the devil. In this novel you’ll find out who’s a real Christian and who is misleading others in there path. In The Crucible it reveals the truth and the lies of everyone. Mostly women were accused of lying about witchcraft. The people in Salem thought witchcraft was a suspicious thing. In The Crucible, Abigail Williams takesRead MoreThe Tragic Hero of The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tragic Hero of The Crucible    A tragedy should bring fear and pity to the reader. A man in this tragedy should not be exceptionally righteous, but his faults should come about because of a certain irreversible error on his part. This man should find a bad or fatal ending to add to the tragedy of the story, for this man in the tragic hero. The protagonist John Proctor portrays a tragic hero in The Crucible; his hamartia of adultery causes great internal struggles, he displays hubris byRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1138 Words   |  5 Pages Arthur Miller’s The Crucible takes place in a puritan 17th century Salem town, where a distinct line separates right from wrong. Puritan ideals define the individuals living in Salem, and John Proctor, the protagonist, finds himself struggling to realize and act on these ideals. Miller portrays Proctor in different lights throughout the course of the play, as Proctor often finds himself engrossed in the heat of the hysteria driven town. His character starts out lacking any heroic or admirable featuresRead More Analysis of the Title of The Crucible Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pages The Crucible by Arthur Miller is a play written in response to the â€Å"communist scares† in America in the 1950’s. Miller chose â€Å"The Crucible† as the title because the definitions of the words match the play perfectly. A crucible is a container that can withstand high temperatures, often used to melt, and change the shape of metals. The town of Salem can be compared to the container that melts metals. The witchcraft trials can be compared to the severe tests or trials. Also, the severeRead MoreExamples Of John Proctor In The Crucible712 Words   |  3 Pages The Crucible John Proctor shows himself to be a very powerful and charismatic person right. From the time he first appears in Arthur Miller’s play The Crucible, he is presented as an intelligent, sharp-tongued man with a strong independent mind. These traits would seem to make him a good person to question the motives of those who cry witchcraft. However, his guilt over his affair with Abigail makes his position problematic because he is guilty of the very hypocrisy that he despises in others.Read MoreEssay The Tragic Hero in The Crucible by Arthur Miller913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucibles Tragic Hero A tragic event should bring fear and pity to the reader and the hero should be courageous and noble, hence when combined a tragic hero is presented. The protagonist, John Proctor, portrays a tragic hero in The Crucible. His hamartia of treachery caused great internal struggles, he displays hubris by challenging authority, and encountered catastrophe as the play went on. John Proctor’s decision to betray his wife caused internal turmoil and ultimately lead to hisRead MoreReputation In The Crucible812 Words   |  4 Pages The Crucible Essay - Zoey Gregory The choices that Mary made in the play â€Å"The Crucible† were all based on her desire to have a good reputation which led to her wanting to go back with God. Mary wanted to have a good reputation this desire ended up messing her up in the end. In the play, Mary fears she will be labled as a witch, so she urges Abigail tell the town the truth. Mary says that because she did not want to have her reputationRead MoreThe Crucible - Theme of Revenge1414 Words   |  6 Pagestheme of revenge throughout his play is Arthur Miller in ‘The Crucible. There are different characters in this play that carry this theme of revenge, Abigail being one in particular, as she seeks revenge against Goody Proctor. This is due to Goody Proctor firing Abigail from her job after she had found out Abigail had had an affair with her husband. This seventeen-year-old girl also has an endless capacity for dissembling. John Proctor, Reverend Parris, and the Putnam’s are also characters in the