Understanding Dinosaur Combat

Understanding Dinosaur Combat In Hollywood motion pictures, dinosaur battles have clear champs and washouts, deliberately outlined fields (state, an open fix of scrubland or the cafeteria in Jurassic Park), and typically a lot of terrified human observers. All things considered, however, dinosaur battles were progressively similar to befuddled, turbulent bar fights than Ultimate Fighting matches, and instead of continuing for various rounds, they were as a rule over in the squint of a Jurassic eye. (See a rundown of the Deadliest Dinosaurs, just as Prehistoric Battles highlighting your preferred dinosaurs, reptiles, and well evolved creatures.) Its significant at the beginning to recognize the two primary sorts of dinosaur battle. Predator/prey experiences (for instance, between a ravenous Tyrannosaurus Rex and alone, adolescent Triceratops) were brisk and fierce, without any standards aside from murder or be executed. In any case, intra-species conflicts (state, two male Pachycephalosaurus head-butting each other for the option to mate with accessible females) had an increasingly ceremonial perspective, and once in a while brought about a soldiers passing (however one presumes genuine wounds were normal). Obviously, so as to battle effectively, you should be outfitted with appropriate weapons. Dinosaurs didnt approach guns (or even heavy-handed contrivances), however they were enriched with normally advanced adjustments that helped them either to chase down their lunch, abstain from being lunch or engender the species so as to restock the worldwide lunch menu. Hostile weapons (like sharp teeth and long paws) were solely the region of meat-eating dinosaurs, which went after each other or on gentler herbivores, while guarded weapons (like covering plating and tail clubs) were developed by plant-eaters so as to fight off assaults by predators. A third sort of weapon comprised of explicitly chosen adjustments, (for example, sharp horns and thickened skulls), employed by the guys of some dinosaur species so as to overwhelm the group or vie for the consideration of females. Hostile Dinosaur Weapons Teeth. Meat-eating dinosaurs like T. Rex and Allosaurus didnt develop large, sharp teeth just to eat their prey; like present day cheetahs and incredible white sharks, they utilized these choppers to convey fast, amazing, and (on the off chance that they were conveyed in the perfect spot at the opportune time) deadly nibbles. Well never know without a doubt, however thinking by similarity with present day carnivores, it appears to be likely that these theropods focused on their casualties necks and stomaches, where a solid nibble would cause the most harm. Paws. Some rapacious dinosaurs (like Baryonyx) were outfitted with huge, ground-breaking paws on their front hands, which they used to slice at prey, while others (like Deinonychus and its kindred raptors) had single, larger than average, bended paws on their rear feet. Its improbable that a dinosaur could have murdered prey with its hooks alone; these weapons were presumably additionally used to wrestle with adversaries and keep them in an extremely tight grip. (Remember, in any case, that enormous paws dont essentially indicate a rapacious eating regimen; the large pawed Deinocheirus, for instance, was an affirmed vegan.) Vision and smell. The most exceptional predators of the Mesozoic Era (like the human-sized Troodon) were furnished with enormous eyes and moderately progressed binocular vision, which made it simpler for them to focus in on prey, particularly when chasing around evening time. A few carnivores additionally had a propelled feeling of smell, which empowered them to aroma prey from far away (however its likewise conceivable that this adjustment was utilized to home in on effectively dead, decaying corpses). Force. Tyrannosaurs were assembled like battering rams, with colossal heads, thick bodies, and incredible rear legs. Shy of conveying a lethal chomp, an assaulting Daspletosaurus could thump its casualty senseless, if it had the component of shock on its side and an adequate head of steam. When the unfortunate Stegosaurus was lying on its side, dazed and befuddled, the ravenous theropod could move in for the speedy execute. Speed. Speed was an adjustment shared similarly by predators and prey, a genuine case of a transformative weapons contest. Since they were littler and more softly worked than tyrannosaurs, raptors and dino-flying creatures were particularly snappy, which made a developmental motivating force for the plant-eating ornithopods they chased to run quicker too. When in doubt, flesh eating dinosaurs were able to do short eruptions of rapid, while herbivorous dinosaurs could support a marginally less lively pace for a more drawn out timeframe. Awful breath. This may seem like a joke, however scientistss accept that the teeth of certain tyrannosaurs were formed in order to deliberately collect slivers of dead tissue. As these shreds decayed, they reproduced risky microscopic organisms, which means any non-lethal chomps perpetrated on different dinosaurs would bring about contaminated, gangrenous injuries. The unfortunate plant-eater would drop dead in a couple of days, so, all things considered the capable Carnotaurus (or some other predator in the prompt region) chowed down on its remains. Guarded Dinosaur Weapons Tails. The long, adaptable tails of sauropods and titanosaurs had more than one capacity: they assisted with counterbalancing these dinosaurs similarly long necks, and their abundant surface territory may have disseminated overabundance heat. In any case, its additionally accepted that a portion of these behemoths could lash their tails like whips, conveying shocking hits to moving toward predators. The utilization of tails for guarded purposes arrived at its pinnacle with the ankylosaurs, or protected dinosaurs, which developed substantial, macelike developments at the closures of their tails that could smash the skulls of unwary raptors. Defensive layer. Until the knights of medieval Europe figured out how to fashion metallic protective layer, no animals on earth were more impenetrable to assault than Ankylosaurus and Euoplocephalus (the last even had reinforced eyelids). When assaulted, these ankylosaurs would thud down onto the ground, and the main way they could be executed was if a predator figured out how to flip them onto their backs and dive into their delicate underbellies. When the dinosaurs went wiped out, even titanosaurs had advanced a light protected covering, which may have fought off pack assaults by packs of littler raptors. Sheer mass. One reason sauropods and hadrosaurs achieved such gigantic sizes is that full-developed grown-ups would have been essentially invulnerable to predation: not so much as a pack of grown-up Alioramus could want to bring down a 20-ton Shantungosaurus. The drawback to this, obviously, was predators moved their thoughtfulness regarding simpler to-take out infants and adolescents, implying that out of a grasp of 20 or 30 eggs laid by a female Diplodocus, just a couple may figure out how to arrive at adulthood. Disguise. The one element of dinosaurs that once in a while (if at any point) fossilizes is their skin colorso well can't be sure whether Protoceratops wore zebra-like stripes, or if Maiasauras mottled skin made it hard to see in thick underbrush. Be that as it may, thinking by similarity with present day prey creatures, it would be exceptionally astounding undoubtedly if hadrosaurs and ceratopsians didnt sport a cover to shroud them from the consideration of predators Speed. As referenced above, advancement is an equivalent open door business: as the savage dinosaurs of the Mesozoic Era become quicker, so do their prey, and the other way around. While a 50-ton sauropod couldnt have run exceptionally quick, the normal hadrosaur could raise up onto its rear legs and beat the bipedal retreat in light of peril, and some littler plant-eating dinosaurs may have been equipped for running at 30 or 40 (or perhaps 50) miles every hour while being pursued. Hearing. When in doubt, predators are invested with prevalent sight and smell, while prey creatures have intense hearing (so they can flee on the off chance that they hear a compromising stir out there). In view of an investigation of their peaked skulls, it appears to be likely that some duck-charged dinosaurs (like Parasaurolophus and Charonosaurus) could roar to one another over significant distances, so an individual hearing the strides of a moving toward tyrannosaur would have the option to caution the crowd. Intra-Species Dinosaur Weapons Horns. The fearsome-looking horns of Triceratops may just have been optionally planned to caution away an eager T. Rex. The position and direction of ceratopsian horns lead scientistss to infer that their primary reason for existing was in dueling with different guys for predominance in the crowd or reproducing rights. Obviously, unfortunate guys may be injured, or even murdered, in this processresearchers have uncovered various dinosaur bones bearing the characteristics of intra-species battle. Laces. The monster head trimmings of ceratopsian dinosaurs filled two needs. To start with, curiously large ruffles made these plant-eaters look at greater without flinching of hungry carnivores, which may pick to focus on littler toll. What's more, second, if these ornamentations were splendidly hued, they could have been utilized to flag the craving to battle during mating season. (Laces may likewise have had one more reason, as their enormous surface territories assisted with disseminating and ingest heat.) Peaks. Not exactly a weapon in the great sense, peaks were bulges of bone regularly found on duck-charged dinosaurs. These regressive pointing developments would have been futile in a battle, yet they may well have been utilized to pull in females (theres proof that the peaks of some Parasaurolophus guys were bigger than those of the females). As referenced over, its additionally likely that some duck-charged dinosaurs channeled air through these peaks as a method of motioning to others of their sort. Skulls. This impossible to miss weapon was special to the group of dinosaurs known as pachycephalosaurs (half-witted reptiles). Pachycephalosaurs like Stegoceras and Sphaerotholus wore up to a foot of bone on the highest points of their skulls, which they apparently used to head-butt each other for strength in the group and

Knights Templars Essays - Philip IV Of France, Knights Templar

Knights Templars The Knights Templars was a strict military request whose insider facts and riches annihilated the association. The request had a few names, and the individuals had a few titles. The Knights Templars began as a little gathering of priests. Individuals had obligations and certain ways of life as Templars. The request quickly spread across Europe. During the subsequent campaign, the Templars battled for the Christian exertion. After the second campaign the knights turned out to be extremely ground-breaking and well off. The request was devastated, yet it despite everything lives on today. The Knights Templars were covered up in obscurity and mystery, and they will consistently stay a riddle. The Holy Order of the Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Solomon is the complete name of the Order. Most stuff allude to them as the Knights Templars. Some call the individuals just Templars, or warrior priests. The Poor Fellow Soldiers of Christ and the Temple of Solomon is another name utilized. Individuals back in the hour of the campaign would have called them legends. After the main campaign two new military requests emerged in Jerusalem. One, the Knights Hospitallers, or Knights of Saint John, whose undertaking was to help the injured in Outremer, or the land over the ocean. Holy person John's Ambulance Service gets from the Hospitaller legend. The subsequent military request to emerge was the Knights Templars, whose obligation was to safeguard the travelers on their way to the Holy Land. In 1118 Hugues de Payan and eight individual knights went to Jerusalem and offered their administrations to the ruler, Baldwin 1. Ruler Baldwin offered lodging to the knights at the previous mosque al-Aqsa, which was situated on the site of King Solomon's incredible sanctuary. The request got its name from this reality. Knights took pledges of neediness, purity and acquiescence to the Grand Master, or president. Every Templar wore a common white robe with the red Maltese cross symbol. Chainmail defensive layer was worn in fight. The Templars battled boldly against the Saracens, not leaving fight except if dwarfed three to one. The request got the gift of the Pope in 1129, and the Templars before long got acknowledgment as legends. With the Pope's favoring, the Templars could now enroll individuals and fund-raise through gifts. Gifts went to the Templars in huge sums. The warrior priests were given riches, gems, and property. Ruler Alfonso 1 of Argon gave the Templars 33% of his Spanish Empire on his deathbed. They claimed land in France, Spain, England, Italy, Germany, Portugal, Austria, Hungary, and different spots. Men likewise went to the Templars to help their motivation, and some in order to get rich. The Knights Templars had their faultfinders however. Some felt they were unchristian, slaughtering many individuals, including ladies and youngsters. They held gatherings stealthily, which alarmed a few people. It was obscure what was held in their mystery gatherings. The subsequent campaign was in progress and the Templars battled on the Christian side. Military and budgetary help was given for their benefit. They battled an Islamic over the top gathering known as the Assasins. The Assasins indicated no leniency, they executed more than the Templars. Gradually the Christians started to a free area. In 1187, at the clash of Hattin, 25,000 Christians were vanquished by 60,000 Islamic soldiers drove by Saladin. The fields recovered Jerusalem and the Templars moved. They went to Acre and in the long run left Outremer all together. The rest of the Templars fled to Limassol, where they made another central command. The Templars were done battling, and they thusly looked for another assignment. The Templars possessed houses all over the guide, and they utilized that to their advantage. The Knights Templars turned into the principal investors. Explorers would store cash at one Templar building, and travel, with an announcement of store, to another city. They would then trade out their announcement and get a similar measure of cash at another Knight structure at their last goal. This was a protected strategy, in light of the fact that the voyager couldn't get ransacked. The Templars started to accompany explorers on their armadas of boats. The Pope liberated the Templars from dependability to any ruler, from that point on the request just offered an explanation to the Pope. The Templars got engaged with legislative issues. They served on illustrious panels and

Where is Andorra and other FAQs about my IAP

Where is Andorra and other FAQs about my IAP January in Andorra FAQ When I tell people that I spent January in Andorra, their first question is usually Whats Andorra? Its a question Ive gotten pretty good at answering over the past couple of months. So Ive decided to compile an FAQ. January in Andorra FAQ Whats Andorra? Andorra is a tinnnnnyyy little country in Europe. Its about double the size of Boston by area and about a tenth of the size by population. So by U.S. standards, it probably wouldnt even qualify as a city. Where is it? Up in the Pyrenees, right between Spain and France! Wait, you still dont see it? Its there, I promise! The country is actually split into 7 parishes, or small towns, which you can see in the map above: Ordino, Canillo, La Massana, Encamp, Escaldes, Andorra la Vella, and Sant Julià. Fun fact: if youre a fan of alpine skiing, the World Cup finals are being held in Andorra in a few days, so youll be able to see it in on TV! And Ill be participating! Jk, as you can probably tell from my stance in this picture Im nowhere near good enough. This is one of the world cup ski slopes! pista Copa del Món means World Cup ski slope in Catalan. Are you sure its a country? Yes! Well technically its a principality, or according to Wikipedia, a sovereign microstate. Its definitely not just a city. Its a member of the United Nations, and although its not a member of the EU, the euro is the national currency. There are even Andorran euros! One of a special series of euros printed with the Andorran seal. On the seal, you can see symbols representing the two co-princes of Andorra (keep reading to learn about the princes!) Its also not just an offshoot of France or Spain (at least not technically). Its got its own national government, in addition to 7 local governments, one for each of the 7 parishes. I got to visit the seat of the national government! This is La Casa de la Vall, the historical government building of Andorra. Picture from flickr Andorras national parliament, the Consell General de les Valls, is the second-oldest parliament in Europe. It has 28 representatives, some of which are elected nationally and some of which are elected on a parish-by-parish basis. The parliament is responsible for making the laws of the country. The parliament recently moved to a new, modernized building with a lot of neat technology, including electronic voting, which makes it officially fancier than the U.S. House of Representatives. The seat of the Andorran parliamentboth the old, historical chambers on the left and the new, high-tech chambers on the right. We werent allowed to take pictures inside, so pictures are from the Casa de la Vall website and the company who made the new parliament building. Interestingly, although the Consell General is able to elect its own Head of Government, the Head of State is chosen via a decidedly more archaic process. The state is headed by two co-princes, one from Spain and one from France. This arrangement dates back to the 13th century, when the Spanish Bishop of Urgell and the French Compte de Foix signed a treaty establishing joint leadership of the principality, and has continued through to modern day, with the inheritors of these two titles also inheriting the position. Except at some point the French house of Foix merged with the ruling family of France, which means that nowadays, the title holding the French princeship is actually the president of France. Which means that Emmanuel Macron is a Prince of Andorra. The local city government of Encamp, the parish of Andorra where I was living. Portraits of the two current co-princes are hanging on the wall. Macron is on the right. France and Spain have a lot of influence on Andorra, as is to be expected. In fact, there are three school systems in the countryAndorran, Spanish, and French, each sponsored by one of the three countries. The Andorran system is actually the most recent! Why Andorra? Even my host dad seemed a little surprised when I told him that I had specifically asked to be placed in Andorra. But I was actually really excited because Andorra is one of the few places where they routinely speak both Spanish and French. Im a little bit of a language nerd and Ive been taking Spanish classes since middle school and French classes since high school. In Andorra, I could practice both, which made me absurdly happy. And I also learned una mica of Catalan! If youre still unconvinced that the language landscape there is as fascinating as I seem to think, read on. What language do they speak? The simple answer is Catalan. Thats the language they speak in Cataloniayou know, the autonomous community in Spain (including Barcelona) that is regularly agitating for independence. Andorra borders Catalonia. The roads connecting Andorra to Barcelona are more reliable than those to its French counterpart, so there is a lot of cultural overlap between Andorran and Catalan culture. A lot of Andorrans are really proud of the Catalan language. The true answer is a lot more complicated. Catalan, Spanish, French, English, and Russian are all spoken to some extent, roughly in that order of prevalence. Geography, politics, immigration, economics, and professional needs all play a role in the languages people use and in what context. Among the people I was around, Catalan was the language of daily conversation. Everybody also spoke perfect Spanish. French was also pretty common, with some people speaking fluently and most everybody understanding. English was less common, and although I didnt experience it much personally, I was told that Russian was becoming more important. To some extent, peoples grasp of French, English, and Russian depended upon their career. For instance, the technology students that I was interacting with had to learn English, because so much technological documentation is written in English. However, for other students at the school where I was teaching who were studying to be corporate secretaries, French was more important because they had to interact with French clients. Some people in the tourism sector learned Russian because of the large volume of Russian tourists that came to ski. But language was also a function of social group and geography! Different neighborhoods tended to attract higher proportions of tourists from different countries and reflected the languages thereof. For instance, one night I went to a restaurant in a heavily English neighborhood where a lot of the waiters were speaking English. I was also told that in some parts of Andorra, Catalan is not as common, either because a lot of the people working there had immigrated from Spain or Latin America, or because Spanish was more convenient for communicating with Spanish tourists. And finally, the school system in which you study highly influences the languages you are exposed to. The language of instruction in the Andorran, Spanish, and French school systems is Catalan, Spanish, and French, respectively. Dont get me wrong; these schools are far from monolingual. The students at the Andorran school where I was teaching took FOUR DIFFERENT LANGUAGE CLASSES: Catalan, Spanish, French, and English. As an American and someone who loves language, it is hard for me to express how impressed and jealous I am. Growing up in the American school system, you learn: English, English, maybe a little bit of Spanish or Latin, and more English. USA, you have to up your game. Finally, Im just going to add that as an English-speaker, Im usually really spoiled when I travel in the sense that typically a lot of people are used to speaking English at least in a tourism setting. Andorra was maybe the first place Ive visited where English is not a priority (I mean, look at how many other things they have to learn!). Which was actually really fun. What were you doing there? I was teaching STEM subjects to high-school-aged students who were training to be IT personnel. MIT has a program called GTLGlobal Teaching Labswhere you visit another country during the month of January and teach high-school-aged students in a subject you are knowledgeable about. Although Ive traveled over IAP before, this was my first time teaching. I was placed at a school called the Centre de Formació Professional dAndorra (in English, Center for Professional Formation; CFP for short). The CFP is a vocational school mostly geared towards students who want to learn a trade so they can go work in a certain area. The students are roughly high-school aged; the students in their third (and last) year were around 19-20. There are 5 courses of study, including hairdressing, being a corporate secretary or assistant, a sports trainer/assistant, and informática or Information Technology. I was working exclusively with the IT students. The outside of the CFP, where I was teaching The subjects I was teaching ran the gamut, and my role in each depended on the preferences of the teacher. I taught classes in physics (both kinematics and electromagnetism), English, and computer science. In some classes, like electromagnetism, I was more like an assistant teacher, helping run example problems on the board and explaining concepts in English. In others, I was more like a substitute; the regular teachers had material that they wanted me to cover, but it was up to me to design lessons, including practice problems and activities, to convey that information. And in the informática classes I basically had free rein to do whatever I wanted!!! Another fascinating aspect of teaching at the CFP wasyou guessed itthe language! To my surprise, I was actually technically forbidden from speaking Spanish at the school. I taught all my classes in English, per the instructions of the GTL program and the instructors at the CFP. Since English is a third or fourth language for most of the students (and teachers), I was looking forward to using Spanish to clarify points of confusion. But since the school was part of the Andorran system, speaking Catalan was actually a point of national pride, and speaking castellano was seen as something of a concession to Madrid. In reality, I ended up speaking some Spanish anyway when I needed to get a point across, but I thought it was fascinating how language had such political connotations. One more thing that really took me aback was that every single IT student I was teaching was male. Out of the three-year program encompassing maybe 75 students, there was only one female in her first year, who I never saw because I didnt teach first year students. I think thats the starkest example Ive ever seen of a gender divide in STEM. What was the hardest part about teaching? One thing I had to adjust to quickly was the complete difference in educational theory at the CFP versus MIT. MIT is quite theoretical. I have spent my entire undergrad learning equations and then learning math so that I can manipulate those equations. I rarely touch hardware other than my keyboard. Even MITs attitude towards learning how to code is surprisingly theoretical. The first lecture of our intro to Python class is about the difference between an algorithm and a program. You learn Python as a first coding language because its an easy high-level language for programming algorithms without worrying about low-level hardware. And in upper-level classes, you either A) go a theoretical-mathematical route and leave coding behind, or B) learn to program in C when you see your first Operating Systems pset. For the most part, MIT teaches theory, and practical know-how you have to learn on your own. The CFP is totally different. The first day of electromagnetism class, the students homework assignment was to try to create a motor that produces infinite energy by dismantling whatever electronics they had at their disposal. The IT classes were packed with rows of servers and network routers (my host dad, who also teaches IT at the CFP, was horrified that I had never touched a router before). Classes, especially IT classes, tended to be really hands-on, and if I or another teacher veered into theory for more than half an hour, the students rapidly lost interest. So quickly, my original plan of adapting some of my favorite MIT class materials from MITs Open Course Ware fell apart, and I had to re-plan my lessons. Instead, I ended up designing my own, hands-on activities for the students. Since I had a lot of freedom with my informática lesson plans, I wanted to make sure I chose subject material that was both interesting and relevant to the students, but also well-matched to my skillssomething important that they might not learn otherwise. I ended up teaching them some coding in Python using Python tutorials that I developed, because Python is an easy-to-learn yet widely-used language that I thought might come in handy. Then, given that the students were learning a lot about how to configure servers and networks, I designed an activity about a launching a Python web server in the cloud using a free platform called Heroku, and then finally I did a brief introduction to Django, a Python framework for developing web applications. I ended up running classes more like office hoursstudents worked on the activities at their own pace, and I was there to give explanations and answer questions. I think this kept the students more engaged! Teaching at the CFP was also quite humbling because it showed me how limited even an MIT education can be. A lot of the practical systems configuration knowledge that these students are learning is totally outside of my sphere of knowledge. If you handed me one of their homework assignments, I would be totally lost. There is always so much to learn, even when youre the teacher :) What was the best part of being in Andorra? 110% my host family. My host family was awesome. My host family! Pepo and Carina and their two children, Pol and Alèxia My host dad is a teacher of IT at the school where I was placedin fact, a lot of the classes I was teaching were with his students! He was the one who introduced me to the school, the students, and the other teachers, and got me settled into my teaching routine. He also taught me a ton about the CFP, the Andorran education system, and Andorra in general. (In fact, hes the source of a lot of the information in this blog post) In addition to my host mom and dad, there were also two young children, Alèxia and Pol. And because Andorra is so small, a lot of extended family lived in the same village. Every weekend there was an extended family lunch with grandparents, cousins, in-lawsand me :D I felt really included in my host family. I was invited Alèxias 10th birthday party and I went to one of Pols soccer games. I ate dinner with the family and hung out with them on weekends. I cooked with the kids and taught Alexia how to make a pillow. They really went out of their way to introduce me to Andorran culture. The first day I showed up, my host dad taught me how to make pan con tomate. They had postponed the Christmas tradition of the Tió de Nadal until I arrived so that I could participate in it with them. They showed me a lot of cool sites in Andorra, like a gorgeous mountainous lookout called el Mirador del Roc del Quer, a beautiful modern cathedral called El Santuari de Meritxell, and the snow-fabricating station at Grau Roig, part of the biggest ski resort in Andorra. At the end of the month, when I was absolutely exhausted because between teaching and exploring I barely had time to sleep, my host dad said to me Well, we didnt get to see everything, but I think we d id a pretty good job. Baking molten chocolate cakes with the kids! Pan con tomate, or bread with tomato, does not involve putting slices of tomato on bread, as you might thinkinstead, you rub an overripe tomato on top of your bread and finish it off with salt and olive oil and sometimes Iberian ham. The view from Roc del Quer Part of the huge, complex system of pumps and tubes that powers the artificial snow fabrication at Grandvalira, Andorras largest ski station Me and Avital, another MIT GTL student, inside the  Santuari de Meritxell. Sewing with Alèxia! Here is a video of the tradition of the Tió de Nadal. I really recommend reading more about this tradition, because it is fascinating and from an American perspective, totally bizarre. document.createElement('video'); https://mitadmissions.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/20190111_193207.mp4 Living with my host family also gave me an incredible opportunity to practice both Spanish and French! They spoke Catalan among themselves, but they all also spoke perfect Spanish. Additionally, my host mom spoke fluent French because her father is actually French, and Alèxia spoke better French than I did. The kids were learning English, but in an ironic twist, their homework was so British that I didnt even know some of the vocab. So I spoke to my host dad in Spanish, my host mom in French, and the kids in Spanish, French, English, or sometimes horrible Catalan. It was awesome. My colleagues at the school were really welcoming too. Anna, the director of the CFP, invited me to Caldea, the an incredible spa in downtown Andorra la Vella, where you can go do a zumba class and then relax in an outside hot tub next to a pile of snow. Yeah, its pretty crazy. The giant indoor pool at Caldea I also made friends with Cristina, a physics teacher at the Centro. My last weekend in Europe, I went down to Barcelona with her and her family. We went to la Pedrera, one of the houses designed by Gaudí. Then we went to an FC Barcelona football (sorrysoccer) game! Cristina and I skiing. Shes a really good skiier. A view of Barcelona from the roof of Gaudís Pedrera. You can see possibly his most famous work, the Sagrada Familia cathedral, in the background. Camp Nou, Barças stadium! Barça was playing Valencia, and they only tied, but at least I got to see Messi score twice :D I have now sworn to be a lifelong Barça fan. Honestly, before arriving in Andorra, I was pretty nervous about it. I didnt really know what to expect from the country, and it was really small and I was afraid I might get bored or feel lonely. I had nothing to worry about. My host family and the people at the CFP were so friendly and welcoming and went out of their way to make it a great experience for me. I had so much fun with them that I ditched all my plans to visit France and Spain on the weekends and hung out in Andorra instead. Im so thankful I got to live with my host family. Was it totally awesome? Yes. Photo evidence attached ;) Skiing at Grau Roig. What, you thought we just went to look at the water pumps? The funicular that connects Encamp to Grandvalira, nicknamed the Funicamp, is 6 km long!!! This is the view from my host familys living room, looking out over the Andorran mountains and the town of Encamp. Its beauuuutiful. This is Encamps celebration of an event called the Escudella de Sant Antoni. Basically the whole town comes together and cooks many enormous cauldrons of soup, filled with veggies and Andorran sausage including a delicious black sausage called butifarra negra. This is the commercial district of Andorra. Since Andorras economy relies heavily on tourism, and since taxes here are a lot lower than in neighboring France and Spain, there is a lot of luxury shopping. Pepo and I went snowshoeing up to a lake nearby the house. It was my first time showshoeing and the day was perfect! Bye Andorra! Post Tagged #andorra #GTL (Global Teaching Labs) #IAP #international #January #languages #teaching

Where is Andorra and other FAQs about my IAP

Where is Andorra and other FAQs about my IAP January in Andorra FAQ When I tell people that I spent January in Andorra, their first question is usually Whats Andorra? Its a question Ive gotten pretty good at answering over the past couple of months. So Ive decided to compile an FAQ. January in Andorra FAQ Whats Andorra? Andorra is a tinnnnnyyy little country in Europe. Its about double the size of Boston by area and about a tenth of the size by population. So by U.S. standards, it probably wouldnt even qualify as a city. Where is it? Up in the Pyrenees, right between Spain and France! Wait, you still dont see it? Its there, I promise! The country is actually split into 7 parishes, or small towns, which you can see in the map above: Ordino, Canillo, La Massana, Encamp, Escaldes, Andorra la Vella, and Sant Julià. Fun fact: if youre a fan of alpine skiing, the World Cup finals are being held in Andorra in a few days, so youll be able to see it in on TV! And Ill be participating! Jk, as you can probably tell from my stance in this picture Im nowhere near good enough. This is one of the world cup ski slopes! pista Copa del Món means World Cup ski slope in Catalan. Are you sure its a country? Yes! Well technically its a principality, or according to Wikipedia, a sovereign microstate. Its definitely not just a city. Its a member of the United Nations, and although its not a member of the EU, the euro is the national currency. There are even Andorran euros! One of a special series of euros printed with the Andorran seal. On the seal, you can see symbols representing the two co-princes of Andorra (keep reading to learn about the princes!) Its also not just an offshoot of France or Spain (at least not technically). Its got its own national government, in addition to 7 local governments, one for each of the 7 parishes. I got to visit the seat of the national government! This is La Casa de la Vall, the historical government building of Andorra. Picture from flickr Andorras national parliament, the Consell General de les Valls, is the second-oldest parliament in Europe. It has 28 representatives, some of which are elected nationally and some of which are elected on a parish-by-parish basis. The parliament is responsible for making the laws of the country. The parliament recently moved to a new, modernized building with a lot of neat technology, including electronic voting, which makes it officially fancier than the U.S. House of Representatives. The seat of the Andorran parliamentboth the old, historical chambers on the left and the new, high-tech chambers on the right. We werent allowed to take pictures inside, so pictures are from the Casa de la Vall website and the company who made the new parliament building. Interestingly, although the Consell General is able to elect its own Head of Government, the Head of State is chosen via a decidedly more archaic process. The state is headed by two co-princes, one from Spain and one from France. This arrangement dates back to the 13th century, when the Spanish Bishop of Urgell and the French Compte de Foix signed a treaty establishing joint leadership of the principality, and has continued through to modern day, with the inheritors of these two titles also inheriting the position. Except at some point the French house of Foix merged with the ruling family of France, which means that nowadays, the title holding the French princeship is actually the president of France. Which means that Emmanuel Macron is a Prince of Andorra. The local city government of Encamp, the parish of Andorra where I was living. Portraits of the two current co-princes are hanging on the wall. Macron is on the right. France and Spain have a lot of influence on Andorra, as is to be expected. In fact, there are three school systems in the countryAndorran, Spanish, and French, each sponsored by one of the three countries. The Andorran system is actually the most recent! Why Andorra? Even my host dad seemed a little surprised when I told him that I had specifically asked to be placed in Andorra. But I was actually really excited because Andorra is one of the few places where they routinely speak both Spanish and French. Im a little bit of a language nerd and Ive been taking Spanish classes since middle school and French classes since high school. In Andorra, I could practice both, which made me absurdly happy. And I also learned una mica of Catalan! If youre still unconvinced that the language landscape there is as fascinating as I seem to think, read on. What language do they speak? The simple answer is Catalan. Thats the language they speak in Cataloniayou know, the autonomous community in Spain (including Barcelona) that is regularly agitating for independence. Andorra borders Catalonia. The roads connecting Andorra to Barcelona are more reliable than those to its French counterpart, so there is a lot of cultural overlap between Andorran and Catalan culture. A lot of Andorrans are really proud of the Catalan language. The true answer is a lot more complicated. Catalan, Spanish, French, English, and Russian are all spoken to some extent, roughly in that order of prevalence. Geography, politics, immigration, economics, and professional needs all play a role in the languages people use and in what context. Among the people I was around, Catalan was the language of daily conversation. Everybody also spoke perfect Spanish. French was also pretty common, with some people speaking fluently and most everybody understanding. English was less common, and although I didnt experience it much personally, I was told that Russian was becoming more important. To some extent, peoples grasp of French, English, and Russian depended upon their career. For instance, the technology students that I was interacting with had to learn English, because so much technological documentation is written in English. However, for other students at the school where I was teaching who were studying to be corporate secretaries, French was more important because they had to interact with French clients. Some people in the tourism sector learned Russian because of the large volume of Russian tourists that came to ski. But language was also a function of social group and geography! Different neighborhoods tended to attract higher proportions of tourists from different countries and reflected the languages thereof. For instance, one night I went to a restaurant in a heavily English neighborhood where a lot of the waiters were speaking English. I was also told that in some parts of Andorra, Catalan is not as common, either because a lot of the people working there had immigrated from Spain or Latin America, or because Spanish was more convenient for communicating with Spanish tourists. And finally, the school system in which you study highly influences the languages you are exposed to. The language of instruction in the Andorran, Spanish, and French school systems is Catalan, Spanish, and French, respectively. Dont get me wrong; these schools are far from monolingual. The students at the Andorran school where I was teaching took FOUR DIFFERENT LANGUAGE CLASSES: Catalan, Spanish, French, and English. As an American and someone who loves language, it is hard for me to express how impressed and jealous I am. Growing up in the American school system, you learn: English, English, maybe a little bit of Spanish or Latin, and more English. USA, you have to up your game. Finally, Im just going to add that as an English-speaker, Im usually really spoiled when I travel in the sense that typically a lot of people are used to speaking English at least in a tourism setting. Andorra was maybe the first place Ive visited where English is not a priority (I mean, look at how many other things they have to learn!). Which was actually really fun. What were you doing there? I was teaching STEM subjects to high-school-aged students who were training to be IT personnel. MIT has a program called GTLGlobal Teaching Labswhere you visit another country during the month of January and teach high-school-aged students in a subject you are knowledgeable about. Although Ive traveled over IAP before, this was my first time teaching. I was placed at a school called the Centre de Formació Professional dAndorra (in English, Center for Professional Formation; CFP for short). The CFP is a vocational school mostly geared towards students who want to learn a trade so they can go work in a certain area. The students are roughly high-school aged; the students in their third (and last) year were around 19-20. There are 5 courses of study, including hairdressing, being a corporate secretary or assistant, a sports trainer/assistant, and informática or Information Technology. I was working exclusively with the IT students. The outside of the CFP, where I was teaching The subjects I was teaching ran the gamut, and my role in each depended on the preferences of the teacher. I taught classes in physics (both kinematics and electromagnetism), English, and computer science. In some classes, like electromagnetism, I was more like an assistant teacher, helping run example problems on the board and explaining concepts in English. In others, I was more like a substitute; the regular teachers had material that they wanted me to cover, but it was up to me to design lessons, including practice problems and activities, to convey that information. And in the informática classes I basically had free rein to do whatever I wanted!!! Another fascinating aspect of teaching at the CFP wasyou guessed itthe language! To my surprise, I was actually technically forbidden from speaking Spanish at the school. I taught all my classes in English, per the instructions of the GTL program and the instructors at the CFP. Since English is a third or fourth language for most of the students (and teachers), I was looking forward to using Spanish to clarify points of confusion. But since the school was part of the Andorran system, speaking Catalan was actually a point of national pride, and speaking castellano was seen as something of a concession to Madrid. In reality, I ended up speaking some Spanish anyway when I needed to get a point across, but I thought it was fascinating how language had such political connotations. One more thing that really took me aback was that every single IT student I was teaching was male. Out of the three-year program encompassing maybe 75 students, there was only one female in her first year, who I never saw because I didnt teach first year students. I think thats the starkest example Ive ever seen of a gender divide in STEM. What was the hardest part about teaching? One thing I had to adjust to quickly was the complete difference in educational theory at the CFP versus MIT. MIT is quite theoretical. I have spent my entire undergrad learning equations and then learning math so that I can manipulate those equations. I rarely touch hardware other than my keyboard. Even MITs attitude towards learning how to code is surprisingly theoretical. The first lecture of our intro to Python class is about the difference between an algorithm and a program. You learn Python as a first coding language because its an easy high-level language for programming algorithms without worrying about low-level hardware. And in upper-level classes, you either A) go a theoretical-mathematical route and leave coding behind, or B) learn to program in C when you see your first Operating Systems pset. For the most part, MIT teaches theory, and practical know-how you have to learn on your own. The CFP is totally different. The first day of electromagnetism class, the students homework assignment was to try to create a motor that produces infinite energy by dismantling whatever electronics they had at their disposal. The IT classes were packed with rows of servers and network routers (my host dad, who also teaches IT at the CFP, was horrified that I had never touched a router before). Classes, especially IT classes, tended to be really hands-on, and if I or another teacher veered into theory for more than half an hour, the students rapidly lost interest. So quickly, my original plan of adapting some of my favorite MIT class materials from MITs Open Course Ware fell apart, and I had to re-plan my lessons. Instead, I ended up designing my own, hands-on activities for the students. Since I had a lot of freedom with my informática lesson plans, I wanted to make sure I chose subject material that was both interesting and relevant to the students, but also well-matched to my skillssomething important that they might not learn otherwise. I ended up teaching them some coding in Python using Python tutorials that I developed, because Python is an easy-to-learn yet widely-used language that I thought might come in handy. Then, given that the students were learning a lot about how to configure servers and networks, I designed an activity about a launching a Python web server in the cloud using a free platform called Heroku, and then finally I did a brief introduction to Django, a Python framework for developing web applications. I ended up running classes more like office hoursstudents worked on the activities at their own pace, and I was there to give explanations and answer questions. I think this kept the students more engaged! Teaching at the CFP was also quite humbling because it showed me how limited even an MIT education can be. A lot of the practical systems configuration knowledge that these students are learning is totally outside of my sphere of knowledge. If you handed me one of their homework assignments, I would be totally lost. There is always so much to learn, even when youre the teacher :) What was the best part of being in Andorra? 110% my host family. My host family was awesome. My host family! Pepo and Carina and their two children, Pol and Alèxia My host dad is a teacher of IT at the school where I was placedin fact, a lot of the classes I was teaching were with his students! He was the one who introduced me to the school, the students, and the other teachers, and got me settled into my teaching routine. He also taught me a ton about the CFP, the Andorran education system, and Andorra in general. (In fact, hes the source of a lot of the information in this blog post) In addition to my host mom and dad, there were also two young children, Alèxia and Pol. And because Andorra is so small, a lot of extended family lived in the same village. Every weekend there was an extended family lunch with grandparents, cousins, in-lawsand me :D I felt really included in my host family. I was invited Alèxias 10th birthday party and I went to one of Pols soccer games. I ate dinner with the family and hung out with them on weekends. I cooked with the kids and taught Alexia how to make a pillow. They really went out of their way to introduce me to Andorran culture. The first day I showed up, my host dad taught me how to make pan con tomate. They had postponed the Christmas tradition of the Tió de Nadal until I arrived so that I could participate in it with them. They showed me a lot of cool sites in Andorra, like a gorgeous mountainous lookout called el Mirador del Roc del Quer, a beautiful modern cathedral called El Santuari de Meritxell, and the snow-fabricating station at Grau Roig, part of the biggest ski resort in Andorra. At the end of the month, when I was absolutely exhausted because between teaching and exploring I barely had time to sleep, my host dad said to me Well, we didnt get to see everything, but I think we d id a pretty good job. Baking molten chocolate cakes with the kids! Pan con tomate, or bread with tomato, does not involve putting slices of tomato on bread, as you might thinkinstead, you rub an overripe tomato on top of your bread and finish it off with salt and olive oil and sometimes Iberian ham. The view from Roc del Quer Part of the huge, complex system of pumps and tubes that powers the artificial snow fabrication at Grandvalira, Andorras largest ski station Me and Avital, another MIT GTL student, inside the  Santuari de Meritxell. Sewing with Alèxia! Here is a video of the tradition of the Tió de Nadal. I really recommend reading more about this tradition, because it is fascinating and from an American perspective, totally bizarre. document.createElement('video'); https://mitadmissions.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/20190111_193207.mp4 Living with my host family also gave me an incredible opportunity to practice both Spanish and French! They spoke Catalan among themselves, but they all also spoke perfect Spanish. Additionally, my host mom spoke fluent French because her father is actually French, and Alèxia spoke better French than I did. The kids were learning English, but in an ironic twist, their homework was so British that I didnt even know some of the vocab. So I spoke to my host dad in Spanish, my host mom in French, and the kids in Spanish, French, English, or sometimes horrible Catalan. It was awesome. My colleagues at the school were really welcoming too. Anna, the director of the CFP, invited me to Caldea, the an incredible spa in downtown Andorra la Vella, where you can go do a zumba class and then relax in an outside hot tub next to a pile of snow. Yeah, its pretty crazy. The giant indoor pool at Caldea I also made friends with Cristina, a physics teacher at the Centro. My last weekend in Europe, I went down to Barcelona with her and her family. We went to la Pedrera, one of the houses designed by Gaudí. Then we went to an FC Barcelona football (sorrysoccer) game! Cristina and I skiing. Shes a really good skiier. A view of Barcelona from the roof of Gaudís Pedrera. You can see possibly his most famous work, the Sagrada Familia cathedral, in the background. Camp Nou, Barças stadium! Barça was playing Valencia, and they only tied, but at least I got to see Messi score twice :D I have now sworn to be a lifelong Barça fan. Honestly, before arriving in Andorra, I was pretty nervous about it. I didnt really know what to expect from the country, and it was really small and I was afraid I might get bored or feel lonely. I had nothing to worry about. My host family and the people at the CFP were so friendly and welcoming and went out of their way to make it a great experience for me. I had so much fun with them that I ditched all my plans to visit France and Spain on the weekends and hung out in Andorra instead. Im so thankful I got to live with my host family. Was it totally awesome? Yes. Photo evidence attached ;) Skiing at Grau Roig. What, you thought we just went to look at the water pumps? The funicular that connects Encamp to Grandvalira, nicknamed the Funicamp, is 6 km long!!! This is the view from my host familys living room, looking out over the Andorran mountains and the town of Encamp. Its beauuuutiful. This is Encamps celebration of an event called the Escudella de Sant Antoni. Basically the whole town comes together and cooks many enormous cauldrons of soup, filled with veggies and Andorran sausage including a delicious black sausage called butifarra negra. This is the commercial district of Andorra. Since Andorras economy relies heavily on tourism, and since taxes here are a lot lower than in neighboring France and Spain, there is a lot of luxury shopping. Pepo and I went snowshoeing up to a lake nearby the house. It was my first time showshoeing and the day was perfect! Bye Andorra! Post Tagged #andorra #GTL (Global Teaching Labs) #IAP #international #January #languages #teaching

Revelations And Its Impact On Our Faith And Understanding...

Reflecting on humanity in focus of general and specific revelation is eye opening to a believer walking closely with Christ. Revelations are the way God communicates with his people, not receiving that communication frequently can quench a relationship of any makeup. Reflecting on the lecture last week, revelations are a key part of theology. Enrolling in Christian Theology at the graduate level, is stretching my belief system at the core. When allowing the mind to approach theology with no predetermined perception of the scripture. A believer can gain a full understanding of the scripture, and develop a thought process of retaining knowledge to form or reform a belief. Allowing the believer to understand, and articulate exactly what is believed. With that said, I want to spend time in this reflection paper talking about general and specific revelations. I believe revelations from God to be major in a person’s walk of faith. Understanding the two types of revelations, can hel p us grow in our faith and understanding of God. General revelations impart knowledge from records of history, creation, and experiences. One receiving a general revelation does so through the enlightenment of their experiences, and the history that is around them. In chapter one of the book of Romans we can see, and understand general revelation. The scripture exemplifies the divine power of God, allowing the power to be revealed and understood by the creation being presented. Helping the personShow MoreRelatedIs Theology A Science Of God?1749 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Theology is a science of God which looks to comprehend God s creation, especially man and his condition, and God s redemptive working in connection to humankind. On the off chance that theology is science, with a particular sort of reason routines for showing what science generates and improves in its access of faith. 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As the Catechism of the Catholic Church states â€Å"Sacred tradition and Sacred Scripture, then are bound closely together, and communicateRead MoreRole Experience Has Played Over Past Centuries1611 Words   |  7 Pagesto the tradition of our faith it is imperative that we theologize in such a way as to bring to Christianity integrity and an intellectual uniqueness that integrates and gives sense to the varied and diverse dimensions of the modern experience. One can exercise critical thinking and still hold fast to fundamental persuasions and ties of faith. To practice one’s faith responsibly, a person requires an understanding of philosophical foundations and an understanding of the impact of those foundationsRead MoreChristian Foundations By: Kathleen Fischer Thomas Hart1731 Words   |  7 PagesMany people would agree that without faith, the world would be in chaos. The book Christian Foundation by Kathleen Fischer and Thomas Hart gives an interpretation on faith in our time. Many people would question the definition of faith. Faith is a gift, which is given by God to have trust in him and belief in him. This book is a great entry in anyones life that has speculation on his or her own faith. The book has many ways into understanding ones own religion. It discusses the Bible, Jesus, ChurchRead MoreGender, Or Race, And Many Christians Essay1074 Words   |  5 Pagesgender, or race, and many Christians did not believe in killing. The apologies demonstrated the fallacy of pagan religions and Christianity. The importance of Christian history provides an example of those who took their faith seriously in the early church. Apologetic writings also explained that Christianity was not new because Jesus was the prophesied Messiah of the Old Testament. Christian history give generations to come, a blueprint of the source that is traceable to the critical problems

Movie Analysis Oedipus The King - 1810 Words

While watching a cheesy romantic comedy or a sappy drama, it s likely that one will feel some sort of emotional connection to the characters, whether that be through happiness, grief, or empathy. As the characters in these movies fall in love, lose a loved one, or struggle through any of life s obstacles, one may cry or laugh out loud as they relate to what is happening on the screen. When it comes to Sophoclean tragedies, one of the main goals is to give the audience these intense emotions through catharsis, bringing them an emotional purging and lasting empathy for the characters being portrayed. The characters in these tragedies experience intense trauma and fatal downfalls, and the audience feels relief that they are not experiencing†¦show more content†¦By the beginning of the tragedy, the audience is already aware of the famine, the prophecy fulfilled by Oedipus, and the tragic outcome of the whole ordeal; in order to ensure an emotional experience, the Chorus goes int o great detail about the suffering the citizens of Thebes face. For instance, in the first Choral Ode, one Chorus member goes into dark detail about the overarching death due to the famine and plague in Thebes: Wasted thus by death on death All in our city perish. Corpses spread infection round; None to tend or mourn is found, There s wailing on the altar stair; Cries of mothers rend the air - Long drawn-moans and piercing shrieks Blend with prayers and litanies. (Sophocles 183-190) As the Chorus describes the infected corpses scattered about the city and the desperate cries of the people, the audience is inclined to create a graphic image of these events in their own minds, tailoring these horrific events to the capacities of their own experiences and understanding. Death is a natural, human experience, and it is likely that members of the audience may have experienced grief and suffering themselves. Sophocles adding details of the desperation the people of Thebes face, the wailing of those close to death, and the prayers they chant for a cure, is likely to make the audience relate to a time they experienced grief and suffering themselves, making audience members feel for the characters and seeShow MoreRelated Fate Versus Free Will Essay1746 Words   |  7 Pagesduring analysis. The play, Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, stars a young man, Oedipus, who appears to be the pawn of the gods. 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On this Ancient myth, the playwright Sophocles weaves a complex story that can be interpreted on many different levels of in tellectual thinking. This play, since the time it was staged has been subjectedRead MoreFate and Ignorance in Oedipus Rex Essay2564 Words   |  11 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oedipus Rex is a story that can be interpreted on many different levels of thinking. The ancient tale has existed for centuries and has been subjected to countless forms of analysis. What is it that makes Oedipus the King such a fascinating story? Is it the suspense of a developing mystery that captivates the audience? Or perhaps the wonderful feeling the readers get after vicariously experiencing the horror Oedipus feels? And if not that, could it be that the reader is intrigued at SophoclesRead MoreThe Child That Lives From Within1611 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion if psychopathic behaviour is innate or a product of social environment. The answer seems difficult to discern because it is not split down into equal parts of nurture and nature, but rather rely on one another for a better understanding. In the movie Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock, Norman Bates’ downfall proposes how crucial a healthy childhood is to the mental state of developing child. Contrary to n ature focused beliefs, not all human behaviour comes from an individual’s genetic makeup, but ratherRead MoreThe Child That Lives From Within1681 Words   |  7 Pagessocial sciences often question if psychopathic behaviour is innate or a product of a social environment. Recently, nurture-based theories has gained credibility in understanding how a child’s upbringings can trigger psychopathic behaviour. In the movie Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock, Norman Bates’ downfall proposes how crucial a healthy childhood is to mental health rather than biological vulnerability. 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This is further corroborated in Hamlet’s soliloquy, in which he contrasts the King with his father (â€Å"My father’s brother: but no more like my father, Than I to Hercules†) and describes how the King’s marriage to his mother breaks his heart. However, as close attention is paid to the circumstancesRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s The Tempest 2603 Words   |  11 PagesRowe, one of Shakespeare?s earliest editors states that Shakespeare was a genious.28 The characters each have their own sense of superiority. The Boatswain in Act I, creates ?vivid lines and dominates the scene.? This is comparable is Gonzalo in King Lear, ready to meet his fate with detachment and humor. Each character has a situation and a solution. The confinement of the island also bring the reminders of sin and ways of repentance .29 In order to fully analyze Shakespeare?s mind, Orgel

Essay On Mental Illness In Macbeth - 1182 Words

Ladies and Gentlemen, in the trial of The People of Scotland vs. Macbeth, the prosecution will claim a tale of a power-hungry man who let ambition get the best of him. They will present physical evidence of him with the dagger, him conspiring with his wife, and him hiring men to kill. However, the evidence presented today by the defense will tell the true story: a man overtaken by mental illness. Macbeth displays the classic signs of narcissistic personality disorder: elevated sense of entitlement and delusions about power. While Macbeth did commit the murders, he was insane, and therefor did not commit the murders with criminal intent. The extent of his mental disorder has manifested in hallucinations and the gradual unraveling of his†¦show more content†¦Macbeth may talk of big plans to assassinate Duncan, but at the root he is still a good person. His description predicts the eventual effect of his actions: total and complete loss of rational self, and slippage into full- blown psychosis. Following this point, Macbeth should not be held accountable for his crimes, as he goes completely insane. A characteristic of narcissistic personality disorder is heavy hallucinations, caused by a fantasy the person has imagined for themselves. Even before he murders Duncan, Macbeth’s delusion of him becoming king manifests through hallucinations involving murder imagery. As he walks towards Duncan’s room, a floating dagger, only visible by him, leads him there. The mirage he has placed himself in, where he is king of Scotland, has caused his subconscious to produce delusions, â€Å"Is this a dagger which I see before me, the handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee. I have thee not and yet I see thee still† (2.1.44-45). Macbeth acknowledges that the dagger is not real, and yet he still attempts to clutch it, fully invested in his fantasy. He describes later as â€Å"A dagger of the mind†, as if the very delusions he is undergoing are ripping his mind apart (2.1.50). However, through the phrases ‘of the mind’ and ‘I have thee not†™ connote that he knows the visionsShow MoreRelatedMacbeth Mental Illness Essay746 Words   |  3 Pages In the beginning of the play, Macbeth was in a great state of mind, he won the war for the people of Scotland, and was seen as a hero. On the way home from war, Macbeth meets three witches who prophesied that he will become The King of Scotland, which led to the ultimate downfall of his mental health. 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